1. What are halal and haram food?

First, let's understand the definition of halal and haram itself. The term halal comes from Arabic, namely حلال, which means 'allow', 'let go', or 'liberate'. Based on Sucipto (2012) in Halal and Haram according to Al-Ghazali in the Book of Mau'idhotil Mukminin, halal has two meanings according to Sharia law, namely

the ability to use objects or anything, such as food, drink, and medicine, to fulfill physical needs; and the ability to use, eat, drink and do things that are determined based on the texts (words with strict instructions).

In this case, halal food means all types of food that are permitted by Islamic law to be consumed, while haram food is all types of food whose consumption is prohibited by religion.

2. Evidence about halal and haram food

In the verse above, the word halal is juxtaposed with thayyiban so that the term halalan thayyiban appears. Reported by the IHATEC page, thayyiban means 'good'. 'Good' here means that food must be of good quality and not damage health.

So, Allah SWT not only commands us to consume halal food but also halal thayyiban or 'halal and healthy food'.

The concept of halal here is not just permitted according to religion. Moreover, Dian Eka Mayasari, et al in the book Sheffield Stories explain the concept of halal in Islamic teachings in more detail. Here's the explanation:

a. Halal based on substances and

Ingredients: This means that halal food is food that does not contain substances that are prohibited in the Koran and hadith. For example, a food cannot contain pork or intoxicating ingredients.

b. Halal Food based on how you get it

A food, even if it is guaranteed to be halal in terms of content, can be haram if it is obtained in a way that is contrary to the Shari'a, for example if it is stolen food.

c. Halal based on the processing process

Apart from how to obtain it, the halalness of food also needs to be reviewed from the processing process. For example, it can be doubtful that dishes made from vegetables are halal if they are prepared using cooking utensils used for haram ingredients, for example used for cooking pork.

As for the evidence regarding haram food itself, there is a hadith where the Prophet mentioned the threat to people who eat haram food. In his words, Rasulullah SAW said which means,

"Any servant whose flesh grows from haram (food), hell is more appropriate for him." (HR. Tirmidhi).

3. Types of food that are halal in Islam

We need to know that the law as long as food and drink is halal. So, as long as there are no prohibitions stated in the hadith or Al-Qur'an, it is permissible for us to consume it.

Because of this original law, Allah SWT does not go into too much detail about food that is halal for humans to eat in the Qur'an, and neither does the Prophet in his hadiths. However, this does not mean that there is no halal food mentioned in the proposition.

There are several types of halal food that are specifically stated in the Koran and hadith, among others

1. Animals in the sea or water, whether caught or dead

"It is permissible for you sea game and food (which comes from) the sea as a delicious food for you, and for those who are on a journey; and it is forbidden for you (to catch) land game, as long as you are in ihram. And fear Allah Who is It is to Him that you will be gathered." (QS. Al-Ma'idah, [5]:96).

2. Fish and grasshoppers

From Abdullah bin Umar RA, he said, Rasulullah SAW said, "Permitted to you are two kinds of carrion and two kinds of blood. The two kinds of carrion are fish and grasshoppers, while the two kinds of blood are liver and spleen." (HR. Ibn Majah, authentic).

3. Hunted animals

They ask you, "What is lawful for them?" Say, "It is lawful for you that which is good and (game caught) by a wild animal which you have taught by training it to hunt; you teach it according to what Allah has taught you. So, eat from what it catches for you, and call it names Allah over the wild beast (when releasing it). And fear Allah, indeed Allah is very quick in reckoning." (QS. Al-Ma'idah, [5]:4).

4. Livestock, like cows, goats and sheep

O you who believe, fulfill these covenants. Livestock is permitted to you, except for those which are read to you. (That is) by not permitting hunting while you are performing Hajj. Indeed, Allah establishes laws according to what He wills." (QS. Al-Ma'idah, [5]:1).

Of course, apart from the examples above, vegetables, food, such as fruit, chicken, eggs, and others, are also halal for humans to eat.

4. Types of food that are forbidden in Islam

In contrast to halal food, haram food is explained in detail by Allah SWT in the holy book Al-Qur'an so that people avoid it. One of the letters that is the main reference regarding haram food in Islamic law is Surah Al-Ma'idah verse 3 which reads,

"It is forbidden for you (to eat) carrion, blood, pork, (animal flesh) slaughtered in the name of someone other than Allah, strangled, beaten, fallen, gored or torn by wild animals, except those you have time to slaughter." (QS. Al-Ma'idah, [5]:3).

Reported by Almanhaj, here are several types of food that are haram to consume according to Islamic teachings:

1. All types of carrion, except fish and grasshoppers

From Abu Hurairah RA, he said, a man asked the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam, he said, "O Messenger of Allah! We are sailing on the sea and we only have a little water. If we perform ablution with that water, we will be thirsty. Can we perform ablution with sea water?" The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam said, "The sea is pure in water and halal in its carcasses." (HR. Ibn Majah, authentic).

2. Blood (which flows), except the liver and spleen

From Abdullah bin Umar RA, he said, Rasulullah SAW said, "Permitted to you are two kinds of carrion and two kinds of blood. The two kinds of carrion are fish and grasshoppers, while the two kinds of blood are liver and spleen." (HR. Ibn Majah, authentic).

3. Pork

4. Sacrifice for other than Allah

5. Animals that are attacked by wild animals

6. Wild animals with fangs, such as lions, tigers, dogs, wolves, monkeys and bears

7. Birds with sharp nails, for example eagles

From Ibn Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam forbade every wild animal that had fangs and sharp hooves" [Hadith History of Muslim no. 1934]

8. Tame donkey or khimar Ahliyyah

Jabir said, "The Messenger of Allah shallallahu alaihi wa sallam forbade (eating) khimar meat during the Khaibar war and allowed horse meat." (HR. Bukhari no. 4219 and Muslim no. 1941).

9. Al-Jalalah, namely animals with two or four legs whose main food is feces

10. Animals that religion commands to be killed

From Aisyah said, "The Messenger of Allah said, five wicked (evil) animals that should be killed, both on halal and haram land, namely crows, eagles, scorpions, rats, and al-kalbul 'aqūr (vicious dogs)." [HR. Bukhari no. 1829 and Muslim no, 1198 (in Muslim chronicles, "scorpion" is changed to "snake")].

11. Animals that are prohibited from being killed according to religion

Ibn Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah forbade killing four animals, namely ants, wasps, hoopoe birds and surad birds." [HR. Ahmad (1/332,347), Abu Daud (5267), Ibn Majah (3224), Ibn Hibban (7/463), and validated by Baihaqi and Ibn Hajar in At-Talkhis, 4/916].

"From Abdur Rahman bin Uthman Al-Qurasyi, that a healer once asked the Messenger of Allah about frogs that were used as medicine, then the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam forbade killing him." [HR. Ahmad (3/453), Abu Daud (5269), Nasa'i (4355), Al-Hakim (4/410-411), Baihaqi (9/258,318) and validated by Ibn Hajar and Al-Albani].

5. Why are there foods that are forbidden in Islam?

Everything will not be forbidden unless there is a reason. In this case, a food is declared haram because there are harms or evils that we might experience after consuming it.

The Rumaysho page reported that there are a number of reasons why it is forbidden to consume something according to Islamic teachings, including:

• potentially harmful to the health of the will and body, such as pork, eating poisonous animals or plants, and objects that have dangerous effects if consumed (clay, coal);
• 
  
• can cause intoxicating effects, for example wine, liquor and narcotics;
• 
  
• because it is classified as unclean, for example blood or food that is not lightly unclean;
• 
  
• considered disgusting, for example swallowing semen, drinking urine, or eating human feces; And
• 
  
• not permitted by the Shari'a, for example food or something obtained by stealing or gambling.

Not only does it have an external impact, consuming haram food can also cause our prayers to not be answered by Allah SWT. In a hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah, the Prophet said,

"O all humans, indeed Allah is thoyyib (good). Allah will not accept anything except from that which is thoyyib (good). And indeed Allah has commanded the believers as He commanded the Messengers. His words, ' O Messengers! Eat good (halal) food and do good deeds. Indeed, I am All-Knowing of what you do.' And Allah also said, 'O you who believe! Eat the good fortune that we have provided for you.'" Then, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam told about a man who had traveled a long way so that his hair was matted, dry and dusty. The man raised his hands to the sky and prayed, 'O my Lord, O my Lord.' Even though his food is from haram, his drink is from haram, his clothes are from haram, and he is given food from haram, then how will Allah accept his prayers?" (HR. Muslim no. 1015).

6. Benefits of eating halal food

While haram food can bring harm, this is different from halal food which definitely brings goodness to the people who consume it. This goodness is not only in the form of benefits for the body, but is also related to our worship, you know.

What are the benefits of eating halal food? Here are some of them:

being one of the reasons why prayer is permitted by Allah SWT;

can maintain health and be an antidote to disease because halal food is generally healthy and nutritious;

halal food is a generator of pious deeds, according to Ibn Kathir; And

get Allah's approval for obeying His commands;

That is information about the reasons for halal and haram food according to Islamic teachings. So, according to the information above, make sure that the food we consume is halal in terms of content, processing and method of obtaining it. Don't let anything haram cause our prayers to not be answered by Allah!

Benefits of Ramadan Fasting for Health

Apart from carrying out your obligations as a Muslim, the following are some of the health benefits of fasting in Ramadan.

1. Lose Weight

Ramadan fasting can help you lose weight significantly. During fasting, the body does not receive food and drink from dawn to sunset. This causes the body to break down fat reserves to obtain energy, thereby helping to lose weight effectively.

However, it is important to remember that the weight loss effects obtained by people who fast will vary depending on the type of food consumed during breaking the fast and sahur.

2. Improves heart health

Fasting during Ramadan can help lower cholesterol levels and blood pressure, which can reduce the risk of heart disease. Apart from that, Ramadan fasting can also help improve endothelial function, which is the inner lining of blood vessels that functions to regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

3. Improves brain function

Fasting during the month of Ramadan can help increase growth hormone levels which can help increase the growth of brain cells and repair damage to brain cells. Apart from that, fasting can also help improve concentration and memory. That way, the brain function of people who fast will improve their performance.

4. Increases Insulin Sensitivity

Fasting during the month of Ramadan can help reduce blood sugar levels and increase the body's sensitivity to insulin, which can help reduce the risk of diabetes.

5. Improves the body's immune system

Fasting during the month of Ramadan can help reduce inflammation in the body and increase the production of immune cells. This can help improve the immune system of people who fast, which can help protect the body from various diseases and infections.

Tips for Maximizing Ramadan Fasting for Health

As explained above, Ramadan fasting has many health benefits, there are several tips that can be followed, including:

1. Consume healthy and balanced food

The food consumed during breaking the fast and sahur is a very important factor in maximizing health during the Ramadan fast. It's best to choose healthy and balanced foods, such as protein, fiber, complex carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Avoid foods that are fatty, sweet and too salty, because they can cause dehydration and discomfort during fasting.

2. Drink Enough Water

During fasting, you must not eat or drink from dawn to sunset. Therefore, you must be able to ensure that your body is always hydrated by drinking enough water during breaking the fast and sahur. Lack of fluid intake during fasting can cause dehydration and discomfort, such as headaches and fatigue.

3. Reduce sugar and caffeine consumption

Caffeine and sugar can cause dehydration and disrupt sleep patterns. Therefore, so that you can fast more comfortably, you should replace sweet drinks with water and avoid drinks that contain caffeine, such as coffee or tea.

4. Exercise regularly

Even if you are fasting, regular exercise is highly recommended. Exercise can help increase the body's metabolism. However, make sure to exercise at the right time, such as before breaking the fast or after tarawih so as not to interfere with fasting activities.

5. Get enough rest

During Ramadan fasting, you still have to do activities as you do on normal days. Therefore, make sure you have enough sleep and rest because lack of sleep can affect your health. Make sure to sleep for seven to eight hours per day to stay healthy during fasting.

Understanding Zakat, Law, Types, Conditions, Pillars, Wisdom - One of the obligations of Muslims is to pay Zakat. Zakat is a form of worship listed in the pillars of Islam. For every Muslim who is financially stable, or able, it is obligatory for him to pay zakat to people in need.

Zakat is a form of worship that has the aim of helping less fortunate people. In the Quran, Zakat is mentioned many times. So what is meant by zakat? What are the types of zakat and their pillars? What is the wisdom of paying zakat?

A. What is Zakat in Islam

Zakat is a worship practice in which Muslims give 2.5% of their wealth to donate to the needy. Currently, in most countries with a Muslim majority, giving zakat is voluntary, but there are also several countries where zakat is also managed by the government. In countries like England, for example, Muslims there pay zakat by giving it directly to charities.

Based on the definition of zakat, zakat is defined as a conception of Islamic teachings that encourages Muslims to love others, realize social justice and various and empower society, then to eradicate poverty. Learn more about zakat in the book The Virtues of Zakat, Infaq, Alms.

B. Understanding Zakat According to Language and Terms

Zakat comes from Arabic which means to purify. Zakat is a form of alms to Muslims. Zakat is treated in Islam as an obligation or like a tax. In the pillars of Islam, giving zakat is in third place, after prayer. Even though zakat is obligatory for Muslims, not everyone can pay zakat. There are several conditions for giving zakat, for example having sufficient assets or not lacking them.

In the Islamic view, giving one's wealth to other people in need can purify their souls and is also a reminder that the property does not belong to them, but to Allah SWT who has been entrusted to them. Muslims believe that the more you give, the more Allah SWT will give you many times more in the afterlife.

C. Zakat Law

In the Quran, the practice of zakat is mentioned several times. As in Surah Al-Araf verse 156, the people who will be given happiness in the afterlife are those who pay zakat.

Indeed, we return (repent) to You. (Allah) says, “I will inflict My punishment on whom I will and My mercy covers everything. So I will assign My mercy to those who are pious, who pay zakat, and those who believe in Our verses."

In the Al-Quran it is also explained that zakat is obligatory for Muslims who are financially capable. Paying zakat is done for the safety of this world and the hereafter. Muslims believe that giving zakat can get a reward, whereas if you neglect to give zakat you will get a sin.

In Surah Al-Baqarah verse 177, it is also explained who is entitled to receive zakat.

"Virtue is not turning your face towards the east and the west, but virtue is (the virtue) of those who believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the books and the prophets and give the treasures they love to their relatives, orphans, poor people, people who are on a journey (travelers), beggars, and to free their servants, who perform prayers and pay zakat, people who keep their promises when they promise, and people who are patient in need, suffering and in times of war. They are the truthful people, and they are the pious ones."

D. Types of Zakat

For Muslims, there are two types of zakat that must be paid, namely zakat fitrah and zakat mal.

1. Zakat Fitrah

Zakat fitrah is zakat that must be paid to a Muslim who is able to fulfill it and has enough. Zakat fitrah is zakat that must be paid once a year. When paying zakat fitrah is generally done in the month of Ramadan, usually paying zakat fitrah is done before the Eid al-Fitr holiday. Apart from that, what differentiates zakat fitrah from other zakat is that zakat fitrah is required to be paid before carrying out the Eid prayer.

Zakat fitrah means purifying wealth. This is because in every person's possessions, part of it belongs to other people, especially people who need it. Apart from that, the wealth that belongs to humans does not belong to all of them, but it is a gift from Allah SWT as explained in the Smart Book on Fasting Ramadhan, Zakat Fitrah, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha.

The amount of zakat that must be paid for zakat fitrah is one sha, or 2.5 kg of rice, dates, sago, and wheat. The amount of zakat can be adjusted according to consumption per person in a day at the applicable time because this can change due to inflation in the country. This provision is based on the authentic hadith above.

In accordance with the definition of zakat fitrah, although Muslims are obliged to pay zakat, not all Muslims are obliged and able to carry out this practice. People who have responsibility for other people must pay zakat to the people under their responsibility. For example, a father or mother is obliged to pay zakat fitrah for their children.

Zakat fitrah can also be paid in the form of money equivalent to 1 sha' of wheat, dates rice, and other staple foods. The nominal value of the money you want to give zakat must be adjusted to the prices of basic food ingredients that apply in the area. In Indonesia itself, you can pay zakat fitrah through a trusted Amil Zakat Institution. Zakat fitrah may be paid from the beginning of the month of Ramadan until before the time of Eid al-Fitr prayers or in the final days of the holy month of Ramadan.

2. Zakat Mal

Mal zakat is zakat on assets. Something can be called an asset if it meets certain conditions, such as being able to be owned, stored, or controlled, and the benefits can be taken according to the asset. Examples of assets include houses, cars, land, livestock, gold and silver.

The following are the conditions for wealth that must be given zakat:

These assets are assets that are completely his. Of course, fully owned assets must also have full value and benefit. Assets that can be given zakat must be obtained in accordance with Islamic law. Assets cannot be given zakat if they are found in a way that is not in accordance with Islamic law, such as stealing, etc.

The assets owned can grow or increase.

The assets owned have reached a certain amount in accordance with the provisions of zakat or are in accordance with the nisab.

These assets are excess after meeting basic needs. A person certainly has a minimum and varying amount to meet their basic daily needs, including those of their family members. If the basic needs of the person and his family are not met, then the assets owned are not required to be given zakat.

If someone has owned property for one year, it is obligatory to give zakat.

Calculating zakat mal must be adjusted to the gold price prevailing at that time because the price of gold always changes every year.

E. Zakat requirements

As has been explained based on the definition of zakat, to do zakat you must follow several conditions. The following are the mandatory conditions for paying zakat:

Islam

Independent

Mukallaf or puberty or adulthood

Have no debt

Have sufficient assets

Own property

F. Pillars of Zakat

The pillars of zakat are things that must be done when you want to give zakat. The following are the pillars of zakat.

1. Intention

When paying zakat, you should read the intention to give zakat. This is to remind us that we give zakat solely to Allah SWT.

a. Zakat giver

Zakat givers, commonly called muzakki, are people who are obliged to pay zakat. As mentioned above, the requirements for people giving zakat are Islam, independence, adulthood, no debt, and sufficient assets.

b. Zakat recipient

Zakat recipients are usually called mustahik. These mustahik are people who are entitled to receive zakat. In the Al-Quran, At-taubah verse 60, eight categories or groups of people are mentioned who meet the requirements to benefit from zakat.

"Indeed, zakat is only for the needy, the poor, those receiving zakat, whose hearts are softened (converts), to (free) servants, to (free) people who are in debt, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.”

People who live without a livelihood, people who cannot meet their basic needs, people who collect zakat, people who have just converted to Islam, people who are free from slavery through a contract, people who have huge debts, people who fight in the way of Allah SWT, people who are traveling or stranded travelers, are people who are obliged to receive zakat or mustahik.

2. Zakat assets

The following are the assets that must be given zakat in zakat mal:

Gold and Silver are precious metals. Islam considers precious metals such as gold and silver as assets that can be developed. Checks, deposits, shares or other securities are included in the gold and silver category that can be given zakat. Houses, land, and vehicles are also included in the gold and silver categories that can be given zakat.

Livestock that must be given zakat are large livestock such as cows, goats, buffalo, camels, and chickens.

Agricultural products that must be given zakat are plants that have economic value. Agricultural products that can be given zakat are tubers, vegetables, fruit, ornamental plants and others.

Commercial assets are everything used in buying and selling. Examples of commercial assets are tools, jewelry, and clothing. Business or trade can be carried out through individuals or large companies.

Marine wealth and mining products are objects that come from deep within the earth and can also be given zakat because they have economic value. The products from the bowels of the earth include petroleum, copper, tin, and coal. The marine wealth that can be given zakat is pearls and amber.

Rikaz is a treasure that has been hidden for a long time since ancient times. One example of rikaz or hidden treasure is treasure. Of course, the rikaz treasure that is found must not have an owner and then it can be given zakat.

Zakat fitrah can be in the form of money, rice, dates or wheat weighing 2.5 kg.

G. Wisdom of Zakat

The following are some wisdom in paying zakat. Apart from eliminating obligations, paying zakat provides wisdom or benefits for this world and the hereafter. To learn more about zakat, infaq and shadaqah, which need to be instilled from an early age in order to raise awareness of zakat, infaq and shadaqah, Grameds can read the book Between Zakat, Infaq and Alms.

1. Sins will be forgiven

People who pay zakat not only get a reward but their previous sins are also forgiven. This is written in the hadith of the prophet narrated by Tirmidhi.

2. Get Allah's Pleasure

People who pay zakat will receive rewards and also the pleasure of Allah SWT. This is explained in the Al-Quran surah Ar-Rum 39.

“And any riba (additional) that you give so that people's wealth will increase, does not increase in the sight of Allah. And what you give in the form of zakat which you intend to gain Allah's approval, then those are the people who double (the reward)."

3. You will receive guidance from Allah SWT

As a people who always need God, of course, we need His guidance and help. For people who pay zakat, Allah SWT will give His guidance and mercy. This is stated in the Al-Quran Surah Lukman verses 4-5.

"(namely) people who perform prayers, pay zakat and they believe in the existence of the afterlife."

"They are the ones who continue to receive guidance from their Lord and they are the lucky ones."

4. Not a wretched person in this world and the hereafter

In the Al-Quran, Surah Al-Fusilat verses 6-7, it is explained that people who do not pay zakat and disobey Allah will be in trouble for their lives.

"Say (Muhammad), "I am only a human being like you, it was revealed to me that your God is the Almighty God, therefore you continue to (worship) Him and ask Him for forgiveness. And woe to those who associate partners with (Him).”

If people obey Allah and pay zakat, they will certainly not be among the wretched people as mentioned in the verse of the Quran above.

5. Perfecting one's faith

For Muslims who pay zakat, their faith will be perfect. This is mentioned in the hadith of the prophet narrated by Bukhari and Muslims.

People who pay zakat certainly don't only love themselves, but they also care about their siblings or other people. By loving others as he loves himself, his faith will be perfect.

H. How to Calculate Zakat

As previously explained, zakat is divided into two types, so the method for calculating zakat is also divided into two, namely how to calculate zakat fitrah and zakat mal.

How to Calculate Zakat Fitrah

Zakat fitrah is zakat that must be paid when the month of Ramadan arrives. The time to pay zakat fitrah is before Eid al-Fitr arrives. To pay zakat fitrah, you can pay rice. If in liters, then the rice that must be paid for zakat is 3.5 liters. Meanwhile, if zakat is used for rice in kilograms, then the zakat rice is 2.5 kilograms.

Zakat fitrah can also be paid using money. If someone wants to pay zakat fitrah with money, it must be adjusted to the price of rice in the surrounding area.

How to Calculate Zakat Mal

The calculation for paying zakat mal is different from paying zakat fitrah. Apart from that, a person is required to pay zakat mal if his income or income has reached the nisab. Nisab zakat is the wealth limit for whether a person must pay zakat mal or not. As for the zakat nisab, such as the silver zakat nisab of 200 dirhams or around 595 grams, the gold zakat nisab of 20 dinars or 85 grams, the trade zakat nisab of 20 dinars or the equivalent of 85 grams of gold, the agricultural zakat nisab or 653 kilograms of rice, etc. -other.

I. Purpose of Zakat

Some of the purposes of zakat are as follows.

Teaches humans to carry out their obligations, namely giving other people their rights.

Increasing ties of brotherhood, so that we can live in harmony and prosperity.

Help someone who is in need.

Eliminate the stingy or stingy nature within you.

Raising the status of the poor.

Prayer is a form of worship that is mandatory for every Muslim. Prayers must be performed five times, namely at Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha.

In general, prayers are divided into two, namely fardu prayers and sunnah prayers. Fardu prayers consist of five times and must be performed every day. Meanwhile, sunnah prayers are not required to be performed every day but are recommended at certain times.

So what is the meaning of prayer, the law on fardu prayer, and its pillars? Check out the explanation below.

Get to know the meaning of prayer

According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), prayer is written as "salat", which is the second pillar of Islam, which is mandatory for every Muslim mukalaf, with certain conditions, pillars, and readings. Starting from Takbir and ending with greetings, then prayer as a form of worship to Allah SWT.

Quoting from the book Guide to Mandatory Prayers & Sunnah Throughout the Age of the Prophet Muhammad. By Ustadz Arif Rahmat, prayer comes from Arabic, "AS Shalah", which etymologically means prayer.

In terms of terms and sharia, prayer is a certain or special act of worship that begins with takbiratul ihram and ends with greetings with certain conditions.

So what is the ruling on fardhu prayers? See the explanation below.

Law on Performing Fardu Prayers

The law of carrying out prayers is fardu'ain or obligatory for every Muslim who is mudallaf (burdened with sharia obligations), baliq and 'aqil (reasonable). As Allah SWT said:

"Even though they were not ordered except to worship Allah by purifying obedience to Him in (practicing) a straight religion, and so that they perform prayers and pay zakat.

Allah SWT directly commands His people to pray. Rasulullah SAW also taught and exemplified how to pray. As he said, "Pray, as you see me praying." (HR. Bukhari)

It is stated in the Al-Quran, Al-Ma'un verses 4-5, that prayer must be paid close attention to and one should not be negligent in performing it. Allah SWT says, "So woe to those who pray (namely) those who neglect their prayers." (QS. Al-Ma'un: 4-5)

Written in the hadith narrated by Ahmad, Abu Daud, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasai and Ibn Maja, the Prophet said:

“The separation between us and them (infidels) is prayer. Whoever abandons it, he has truly disbelieved."

It can be concluded that fardu prayers are obligatory and if they are not performed, it is a sin and is considered infidel. So that fardu prayers are accepted by Allah SWT. As Muslims, we must understand the pillars of Fardu prayer.

Rukun Performing Fardu Prayers

When praying, you should pay attention to the 12 pillars of prayer so that the prayer is valid. If you do not fulfill the pillars of prayer, the prayer is considered invalid or invalid. So, pay attention to the following pillars of prayer:

1. Stand for those who are able, if you are unable, you are allowed to sit, if you are unable to sit, you can lie down, either on your side or on your back.

2. Start praying with Takbiratul Ihram.

3. Reading Al Fatihah.

4. Bow.

5. Ictidal.

6. Prostration.

7. Get up from prostration and sit between two prostrations.

8. Tumakninah when performing the pillars of prayer.

9. Sit at the final tasyahud.

10. Final tasyahud.

11. Shalawat to the Prophet.

12. Get up to perform prayers.

13. Salam.

Come on, let's learn about the meaning of Hajj together!

Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, and this pilgrimage is highly recommended for Muslims who can afford it. The definition of capable here is financially and physically capable. Hajj does require quite a lot of money, especially for those of you who live in Indonesia. This worship also includes many activities so physical strength and ability are required.

As a Muslim, of course you also want to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land as a form of implementing the five pillars of Islam. However, before that, let's first get to know the meaning of Hajj, including the conditions for carrying it out, its pillars, types and priorities.

Understanding Hajj

Hajj is a form of Muslim worship apart from the Creed, prayer, fasting and zakat. The definition of Hajj is a visit to the Baitullah to perform worship at a certain time and in a certain way for Muslims who can afford it both physically and financially. The law on the pilgrimage is written in the Koran, Surah Al-Imran verse 97, which states that carrying out the pilgrimage to Baitullah is one of human obligations towards Allah SWT. The verse in the Surah also states who is obliged to perform Hajj, namely people who are able to travel there.

Mandatory Conditions for Carrying out Hajj

Now, you understand that the meaning of Hajj is a pilgrimage that must be carried out by Muslims who are financially and physically capable. However, to be able to perform the Hajj to the Holy Land, it is not enough just to be able. There are mandatory requirements that Muslims must fulfill if they want to perform Hajj. The mandatory conditions for performing Hajj are:

• Various Islam.
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• Be sensible.
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• Have reached adulthood or
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• Physically and spiritually healthy, and strong enough to carry out the entire series of Hajj pilgrimages to the Holy Land.
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• Capable physically, mentally and materially. In terms of material means, a person should not sell the only source of life he has because this will bring harm to himself and his family.
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• Freedom, which means not a slave.
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• Pillars of Hajj

Apart from having to fulfill the mandatory requirements, Muslims who will carry out the Hajj pilgrimage also need to pay attention to the pillars of the Hajj. The pillars of the Hajj mean all the activities that must be carried out during the Hajj pilgrimage in the Holy Land. The pillars of Hajj include the following.

1. Ihram

Ihram refers to the state of purity that marks the start of the Hajj ritual. Ihram begins with reading the intention, then wearing white clothes; two white cloths wrapped around the waist to below the knees and draped over the left shoulder for men, while ordinary clothes that cover the private parts for women.

In ihram, there are several prohibitions, namely wearing perfume, cutting nails, having sexual relations, shaving hair on any part of the body, wearing a head covering for male pilgrims and covering the face for female pilgrims, and killing animals.

2. Wuquf

Wukuf means one part of the Hajj pilgrimage where pilgrims are silent and don't think about anything while praying and reciting remembrance of Allah SWT. This pillar of the Hajj is carried out in Padang Arafah from sunset to sunrise on the 9th to 10th of Zulhijjah. During wukuf, what is done is prayer and zikir.

3. Tawaf

Next there is tawaf or circling the Kaaba counterclockwise while praying. During tawaf, pilgrims can touch or kiss the Black Stone. However, if this is not possible, just point with your hand. After tawaf, the congregation performs two rak'ahs of prayer at the maqam of Prophet Ibrahim.

4. Sa'i

Sa'i is jogging or walking between Bukit Safa and Bukit Marwah seven times.

5. Tahallul

After that, the next pillar of Hajj is tahalul which means cutting hair. The male congregation shaves or trims their hair, while the female congregation cuts off a small part of their hair.

6. Orderly

The last pillar of the Hajj is orderliness, which means that all the rituals must be carried out in sequence, nothing can be skipped or the order changed. If it is not orderly, the Hajj pilgrimage is considered invalid.

Types of Hajj

The definition of Hajj is a pilgrimage that must be carried out by Muslims with physical and financial capabilities. However, it turns out that there are types of Hajj that Muslims need to know, namely:

1. Ifrad Hajj

Hajj ifrad means someone performs the Hajj pilgrimage first, then performs the Umrah pilgrimage outside the Hajj season.

2. Hajj qiran

Hajj qiran is when someone performs the Hajj pilgrimage at the same time as the Umrah pilgrimage at the miqat.

3. Hajj tamattu'

Tammatu Hajj is when someone performs the Umrah pilgrimage first, then performs the Hajj pilgrimage during the Hajj season that year.

Priorities of Hajj

Hajj, as a form of worship which is included in the pillars of Islam, apparently has its own virtues or privileges. Hajj is a worship that will be rewarded by heaven. Hajj is also a form of jihad in the way of Allah SWT.

Not only that, Hajj is also able to eliminate the nature of poverty that previously existed in humans. This worship is promised to erase the sins that have been committed in the past. Therefore, for those of you who are physically and financially able, it is recommended to carry out the Hajj pilgrimage to fulfill this fifth pillar of Islam.

Now, you understand more about the meaning of Hajj and its requirements, pillars, types and priorities. To make the Hajj pilgrimage smoother and calmer, you need to prepare everything for yourself and your beloved family at home. The risk can still arise at any time, including when you go to worship.

Human rights do not belong solely to humans. Animals also have the right to human rights.

The term animal rights itself began to emerge in the early 1970s, when there were many phenomena of animal abuse and methods of slaughtering animals that were considered not to pay attention to the animal side.

Attention to animal rights throughout the world is celebrated every October 4 as World Animal Day.

In Indonesia, it could be said that this term is not yet familiar enough. Animals also have the right to live side by side with humans on earth, as well as the right to live without suffering from various forms of torture by humans.

In Islam, the context of animal rights is often related to procedures and behavior in slaughtering animals.

It is not uncommon for videos to go viral regarding animal slaughter which is considered to be very torturous to animals. So how do Islamic teachings actually view animal rights?

Islam is the religion of rahmatan lil alamin. This means that grace and compassion are not only given to all humans on earth, but also apply to other living creatures such as animals.

Allah created living creatures, both animals and plants, for noble purposes and humans can take advantage of them.

In the perspective of animal rights according to Islam, humans act as a caliphate on earth who have responsibility for animals, meaning that they cannot make animals objects of exploitation that humans are free to treat as they please.

The increasingly intensive campaign for animal rights should be a reflection for humans, especially Muslims, about how they should treat God's creatures. Have humans treated him well, especially as Muslims?

Animal rights law in Islam

Islamic teachings regulate not only the relationship between humans and Allah, but regulate the relationship between humans and humans and nature.

Islam clearly teaches love for animals and teaches that animals should not be used according to human desires. Long before animal rights campaigns emerged, Islamic law already regulated more clearly how to treat animals.

As told in a hadith, the Prophet forbade his people from killing four kinds of animals, namely ants, bees, hoopoe birds, and shurad birds which are a type of sparrow.

According to Islam, a good deed done by humans to animals means the same as a good deed to fellow humans.

On the other hand, cruelty to animals is the same as cruelty to humans. It could be said that good deeds to animals are promised rewards by Allah in the afterlife.

Implementation of animal rights according to Islam

Islam is a complete teaching that regulates almost all aspects of life. In fact, there are many examples of human behavior regulated by Islam in treating animals in accordance with their human rights. The Prophet himself gave a direct example of how Islamic teachings must pay attention to animal rights.

For example, the Muslim prohibition against urinating or defecating in holes that could be a place for animals to live so as not to harm the small animals that live in them.

Then, another case example that was emulated by the Prophet was the Muslim order to give drink to thirsty animals, even if the animal was an unclean animal.

Islam also prohibits torturing animals by forcing them to pull heavy loads beyond the animal's capacity.

Islam allows the consumption of meat from animals that are slaughtered in a good and correct manner in accordance with the Shari'a, For example, use sharp knives and do not sharpen knives in front of the animal being slaughtered.

We can see how Islamic teachings treat animals with proportional affection. Islam also teaches not to carry out large-scale exploitation that creates the threat of extinction of certain animals.

The postulate of animal rights in Islam

Both the Quran and hadith explain in detail how humans should treat animals well in accordance with animal rights.

In an authentic hadith narrated by Imam Bukhari and Muslim, the Prophet once told a story about a prostitute who gave drink to a thirsty dog. This good behavior should be emulated by every Muslim.

In the Quran there is also a popular story in Surah An Nahl about Prophet Sulaiman's treatment of a group of ant colonies, where the son of the Prophet Daud made way for the ants to enter the hole before Prophet Sulaiman's soldiers stepped on them.

Husband's rights to wife in Islam are important for husband and wife to know. In building a married life, there are rights of the husband towards his wife that must be fulfilled. Apart from rights, there are also obligations of a husband towards his wife.

In Islam, the husband's rights to his wife have even been explained in the Koran and hadith. For this reason, the husband's rights towards his wife must be understood and implemented in a fair, balanced and mutually respectful manner.

The rights and obligations of husband and wife in marriage are interrelated and complementary. If a husband or wife does not carry out their rights and obligations, it will cause problems and injustice in the household.

regarding the husband's rights to his wife in Islam and their obligations which have been summarized from various sources

Husband's Rights Against Wife in Islam

1. Obedience in All Things

The first right of a husband towards his wife in Islam is to obey in everything, except in matters of disobedience to Allah SWT. Because there is no obedience to anyone in disobedience and disobedience to Allah SWT.

It is truly the glory and fortune of a husband whose wife always listens and filters everything that is said, obeying everything that is ordered. Therefore, the husband is the person who has the greatest rights towards his wife.

In a noble hadith, Hakim narrated from Aisyah Radiyallahu 'Anha, she said, "I asked the Messenger of Allah, 'Who is the person who has the greatest rights over women?' He said, 'Her husband.' Then I asked again, 'Who is the person who He has the greatest rights over men?' He answered, 'His mother.'"

So it is a wife's duty to honor her husband and pamper him.

2. Providing spiritual and physical support

The next right of a husband towards his wife is the right for his wife to provide for her husband in this world and the hereafter. A husband has the right to receive physical support, such as food, clothing, shelter and living expenses from his wife, according to her abilities and obligations. Husbands also have the right to receive spiritual support, such as love, tenderness, loyalty and private services from their wives, in accordance with their husband's needs and rights. This is as Allah says,

"And women have rights that are balanced with their obligations in a ma'ruf manner." (QS. Al-Baqarah: 228).

3. Don't allow other people to enter the house without your husband's permission

Another right of a husband towards his wife is that his wife not allow other people to enter the house without his consent. A wife must not allow outsiders, whether men or women, into her husband's house without his knowledge, unless there is something urgent or emergency. As the hadith of the Prophet,

"Let no wife give permission to anyone to enter her husband's house except with his permission." (HR. Ath-Thabrani).

4. Receiving dowry from wife

The next right of a husband towards his wife is the right for his wife to give her husband a dowry. A dowry is property given by a husband to his wife as a sign of respect and recognition for her. Dowry is an obligatory right of the wife which cannot be taken back by the husband, except with the wife's consent. As Allah SWT says,

"Give the women (who you marry) their dowries (dowries) with full willingness." (QS. An-Nisa: 4).

5. Wife takes care of herself and her husband's property when her husband is not there

Just as when the husband is not around, the wife must look after her husband's property, not using it except with her husband's permission, except for things that have been mutually agreed upon beforehand, in order to achieve her husband's pleasure. However, the husband should also know very well his wife's position, so as not to make her take his property without his knowledge due to his stinginess.

6. Get Mut'ah

The next right of a husband towards his wife in Islam is the right for his wife to give mut'ah to her husband if they divorce. Mut'ah is a gift given by a husband to his divorced wife as a form of affection and reassurance for the sadness she is experiencing. Mut'ah is a wife's right that her husband cannot refuse, except with the wife's consent.